Qualitative analysis for the identification of the functional group in the organic sample Benzoic Acid (Example 2)

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AIM: Qualitative analysis for the identification of the functional group in the organic sample.

SAMPLE: Benzoic Acid (C₆H₅COOH)

(A) PRELIMINARY TEST:

Color – White
Physical State – Solid
Odor – Odorless
Ignition Test –
Experiment	Observation	Inference
A clean wet glass rod is taked and rolled in the sample until the particles of the solid stick to it. The glass rod is then held at the mouth of the Bunsen flame.	A sooty or smoky flame.	The sample is aromatic in nature.

               



     

(B) CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CARBOXYLIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP:

TEST NO. 1
LITMUS TEST
Experiment	Observation	Inference
A drop/paste of the sample is taken on moist litmus paper (blue or red).	Blue litmus turns red.	Sample is acidic in nature.

TEST NO. 2
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) or Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Experiment	Observation	Inference
(for a solid sample) A solution of sodium carbonate is prepared in a small amount of the given sample is added to it and the test tube is shaken.	(for a solid sample) Brisk effervescence is evolved.	(for a solid sample) CO2 gas is evolved or liberated. Therefore, carboxylic group in the sample is confirmed.

TEST NO. 3
Esterification
Experiment	Observation	Inference
To 0.5mg/0.5ml of the sample taken in a clean test tube, equal amount of ethyl alcohol is added followed by 1-2 drops of conc. H2SO4 acid. The test tube is then heated in a water bath for at least few minutes (at the least 5 minutes). The contents of the test tube are then poured into a beaker containing water, and the smell is noted.	Pleasant or fruity or sweet smell is evolved.	Presence of carboxylic group in the sample Is confirmed.

REPORT: Given sample contains aromatic carboxylic acid functional group.

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Know more about stuff related to this practical experiment (Important for Boards):-

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Reference:-

• Verma, Dr. N.K.. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry, Class XII.
• NCERT. Chemistry Part I and II, Class XII.

For latest syllabus, both theory and practical papers for class XII, check out the CBSE’s official site http://cbseacademic.in/ for more info.

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