Qualitative Analysis for the Identification of the functional group in the Organic Sample Acetic Acid (Example 1)

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AIM: Qualitative analysis for the identification of the functional group in the organic sample.

SAMPLE: Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH)

(A) PRELIMINARY TEST:

Color – Colorless
Physical State – Liquid
Odor – Pungent
Ignition Test –
Experiment	Observation	Inference
A clean glass rod is taken and dipped in the given sample. The glass rod is then held at the mouth of the Bunsen flame.	No sooty flame is obtained.	The sample is aliphatic in nature.

(B) CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CARBOXYLIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP.

TEST NO. 1
LITMUS TEST
Experiment	Observation	Inference
A drop/paste of the sample is taken on moist litmus paper (blue or red).	Blue litmus turns red.	Sample is acidic in nature.

TEST NO. 2
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) or Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Experiment	Observation	Inference
A pinch of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate is added to a small amount of the sample taken in the test tube.	Brisk effervescence is evolved.	CO2 gas is evolved or liberated. Therefore, carboxylic group in the sample is confirmed.

TEST NO. 3
Esterification
Experiment	Observation	Inference
To 0.5mg/0.5ml of the sample taken in a clean test tube, equal amount of ethyl alcohol is added followed by 1-2 drops of conc. H2SO4 acid. The test tube is then heated in a water bath for at least few minutes (at the least 5 minutes). The contents of the test tube are then poured into a beaker containing water, and the smell is noted.	Pleasant or fruity or sweet smell is evolved.	Presence of carboxylic group in the sample Is confirmed.

REPORT: Given sample contains aliphatic carboxylic acid functional group.

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Know more about stuff related to this practical experiment (Important for Boards):-

• Qualitative analysis for the identification of the functional group in the organic sample.
• Qualitative analysis for the identification of the functional group in the organic sample Benzoic Acid (Example 2).
• To find the molarity and strength of the given KMnO4 solution using M/20 standard Mohr salt solution
• How to find out the mass of salt required to achieve therequired concentration of a solution
• Viva Questions related to Qualitative Analysis.
• Viva Questions related to Carboxylic Functional Group.

 Reference:-

• Verma, Dr. N.K.. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry, Class XII.
• NCERT. Chemistry Part I and II, Class XII.

For latest syllabus, both theory and practical papers for class XII, check out the CBSE’s official site http://cbseacademic.in/ for more info.

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Related Questions-

Identification of organic compounds

Organic Chemistry Practical

Carboxylic Compounds

How to prepare standard solution

How to prepare 250ml of solution

CBSE class 12 chemistry practicals

CBSE class XII chemistry practicals

Qualitative Analysis
Acetic Acid
Identification of Acetic Acid

  

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